完型填空题占了很高的分数,可是很多考生却在该题丢掉很多的分数。做了那么多的题目,你发现完形填空题的考点了吗?
在发掘完形填空题的考点规律之前,考生首先要正确认识以下几点。
第一,答题时间可以长达15~18分钟,考生在训练时可以控制时间。
第二,一定要用2~3分钟的时间进行缺词的情况下的整体阅读,弄清楚文章大意和基本脉络后再逐个填空。不要只是大致浏览,而是一定要理清文章脉络。
第三,细读首句。完形填空题的首句不设空,一般是文章的中心句。
第四,答题时,不要盯着选项看。真正需要考生一一分析选项的考点只有词汇辨析题。
·实例解读·
(2011年全国Ⅰ卷)In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20years ago.
The professor 2 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 5 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.”
Twenty years later, the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 9 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an unknowns world invisible(无形的)to the 11 , which can be discovered only through scientific 12 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation. She was just 14 to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 . The professor, however, said that it was 17 . He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代). “I remember feeling small and 19 .” The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 20 the course the afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”
◆上下文 1.A.art B.history C. science D. math
■词汇辨析2.A.searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into(步入)
◆上下文 3.A.count B. guess C. report D. watch
◆上下文 4.A.warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to
▲常识推理5.A.ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult
●固定搭配6.A.1earned B. prepared C. taught D. taken
◆上下文 7.A.1ose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken
◆上下文 8.A.1ecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman
●固定搭配9.A.described B. respected C. saw D. served
■词汇辨析10.A.voyage B. movement C. change D. rush
▲常识推理 11.A. professor B.eye C.knowledge D.light
■词汇辨析12.A.model B.senses C.spirit D.methods
◆上下文 13.A.hear B. make C.present D.refuse
▼逻辑推理 14.A.suggesting B.beginning C.pretending D.waiting
▼逻辑推理 15.A.believed B.doubted C. proved D.explained
▼逻辑推理 16.A.growth B.strength C.faith D.truth
▼逻辑推理17.A.firm B. interesting C.wrong D.acceptable
■词汇辨析18.A.task B.tool C.success D.connection
▼逻辑推理19.A.cruel B.proud C.frightened D.brave
■词汇辨析20.A.dropped B.started C.passed D.missed
注:上述每道题的选项前面的考点分类,考生可以在做完题目之后进行整理。
考点1·上下文联系
从上述例题中可以看出这类考点占的比重非常大,而且相对比较简单。这类试题的答题必备条件是通读全文。当然也有一些空是不需要通读全文,只读个别句子也能确定答案。
对策:在通读全文的基础上,一一挖掘文章的信息,在关键的信息词下划上横线以备注,这样考生可以快速获取信息来选择正确答案。
·需通读全文·
第一空:a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20years ago. 我们需要读到第二段的You have just 6 an important lesson about science才能获得有用信息——an important lesson about science。此时考生可以在science下划线标注。直至通读全文后,从文章的最后一句话——and I haven’t gone near science since(我再也没有接触过科学这个课程)可以百分之百确定第一小题的答案为C选项。并且第一小题的四个选项中,只有science在文中出现了。
第七空:You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.你学到关于科学的一个重要的课程,那就是永远不要_____你的感觉。我们必须在通读全文的基础上,才能知道教授告诉他的学生的道理——不要相信眼睛看到的,不要凭自己的感觉来做科学。可知答案为B选项。
第八空:Twenty years later, the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind.该小题在通读文章的过程中可知guess这个动作的发出者是woman,正确答案为D选项。
·只读前后句·
第三空:and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. 本小题可以从A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin(听到众多错误的猜测之后,教授勉强地笑了)一句中得到答案为B选项。
第四空:A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin…,本句可以根据下文shouts of wildly wrong guesses可知正确选项为D——教授听到了很多错误的猜测。此题也可以归类为常识题,因为只能是“听到”声音。
第十三空:But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation.可是当时只有17岁的小女孩没能接受或者听到那种所谓的邀请。这里的invitation和第十空后的inviting his students to start…呼应。且教授的邀请是口头说的,作为一个听众,只能是听到教授的邀请。
考点2·上下文逻辑推理
逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、列举关系、解说关系、分类关系、比较关系、对照关系等。解答逻辑推理题需要理顺要填入的逻辑关系词前后文的语义,从中判断两句话之间的关系。
对策:掌握逻辑关系。在平时复习中,当完成一篇完形填空题之后,考生可以回头重读完整的文章,并将连词以及连词前后的同等关系的词汇、短语等圈画出来。
表示列举的连词:first,second,third…;firstly,secondly,thirdly…; first,next,then…; in the first place,in the second place…;for one thing,for another thing…;
表示原因的连词:because,since,as,now that…
表示结果的连词:so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,as a result
表示让步和转折的连词:however,nevertheless,still,though,yet,in spite of,in any case,whoever,whatever
表示对照的连词:on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely
表示补充的连词:also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition,what’s more,too,either,neither,not…but…,not only…but also…
表示时间顺序的连词:when,while,as,after,before,since,until,as soon as,once
表示目的的连词:that,so that,in order that,for fear that
表示条件的连词:if,suppose (that),supposing (that),unless,in case,so (as) long as,so far as
第十四空:She was just 14 to understand the world .往前读But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even hear the invitation. 可是当时只有17岁的小女孩没能接受或者听到那种所谓的邀请。因为她才刚刚开始去理解和感受这个世界。这句考查的是因果关系,并且省略了连词。
第十五空、第十六空、第十七空:She was just beginning to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 . The professor, however, said that it was 17 . He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代).这三个空具有非常强的逻辑关系,根据文章的主旨大意以及第十八空所在句——教授把她理解世界的唯一的工具(视觉,第一印象)带走了,又没有提供可供替代的方式,考生可以知道教授对学生的第一手经验是持否定态度的,因为否定学生的第一手经验,教授才会带走这个工具。从第十八空回头看第十七空——尽管如此,教授说那是错误的(教授否定学生的经验,所以才会说那是错误的)。再从第十七空回头看第十六空(转折关系)——她相信她的第一手经验是可靠的、正确的。第十五空考查的同样是隐晦的因果关系——因为这个只有17岁的小女孩才刚刚开始理解和感受这个世界,涉世未深,所以她believe她的第一手经验。这三个空考查了并列关系(连词and)、转折关系(连词however)、因果关系(隐晦的)。因此,三个空的答案分别为:15(A),16(D),17(C)。
第十九空:I remember feeling small and 19 .本句考查的是并列关系(and),and的前后应该填入同样感情色彩的词语,small(渺小)是一个贬义词,选项中只有frightened是表示贬义的。句意是:我深感自己的渺小和恐惧。因此第十九空的答案为C选项。