09考研英语阅读理解标准技巧：如何高效阅读

在这里，我们需要掌握两大技巧。

　　第一：学会跳跃和扫描式阅读，以提高阅读的速度。

　　第二：学会应对文中出现的一些难点，加深对文章的理解。

　　(一)提高阅读速度的方法

　　1.跳跃式阅读

　　跳跃式阅读所要跳过的内容自然是和文章中心没有太多联系的内容。如对某一专家身份头衔的说明，这类文字内容与文章的中心虽不相关，却会经¬常在文中出现，这些内容事实上会增加信息的复杂程度，干扰考生思路，而题目中不会考查。

　　如1990年的试题，Text 2

　　......

　　“but there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,”says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.

　　【分析】这里，我们只需看引号内的内容即可，至于“on female labor...”后面长长的头衔称谓完全可以跳过去。

　　如1998年的试题， Text 3

　　Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics—but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University, and the DemonHaunted World, by Car Sagan of Cornell University.

　　【分析】这句话，我们只需读到notably Higher Superstition即可, by Paul R.Gross之后的全部内容就可以跳过。

　　2.扫描式阅读

　　扫描式阅读的内容与跳跃式阅读的内容相比，与文章的联系稍稍紧密一些，但一般不是考试的重点，我们只需对其有大致印象即可。这类内容一般由用来说明中心的论据构成。当段落中心已经¬很明确时，我们可以对说明中心的具体论据实行快速扫描。

　　如1988年试题，Text 3

　　……

　　It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. The new man-made fibers are more hardwearing than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.

　　……

　　【分析】文中第一句话“It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing”已把中心交待得很清楚，后面的“Washing machines...are cheap and plentiful”大概扫描一下就知道是为段落中心服务的具体论据，属次要内容，可一扫而过。

　　如1989年的试题 Text 2

　　……

　　Possessing a car gives a much greater of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted for a choice within a small radius. Traveling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air-conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference. There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. With the building of good, fast motorways, long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighborhood. This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.

　　……

　　【分析】对于这一段，我们只需读完前几句“Possessing a car gives a much greater of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally”就可以大致估计出后面是对私家车所带来好处的进一步说明，此时我们就应该有意识地对后面的文字进行快速扫描，直到后面的中心句“This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car”。由此，整段意思就十分明了。

　　3.提高阅读速度的另一途径是：熟记词汇的各种形式及其词义

　　由英语语法所决定，英语文章中的词汇除了少量虚词是以原形出现外，其他大多数单词都是以一定的变化形式出现。而我们平时所记忆的词汇均是以原形给出，在阅读时，单词原形和变形之间就有一个思维的转换过程，再加上有些变形的词义在原形的基础上有较大幅度的改变，也就增加了思维转换的难度，极大地妨碍了阅读速度的提高。熟记词汇的各种形式及其词义则直接省略了思维转换过程，有利于提高阅读速度。

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