英语复习指导：如何精读英语阅读

    一篇考研的真题，从做题到文章的全面分析和展示。看起来是有点痛苦的，而且还要反复直至熟练，少不了痛心疾首捶胸顿足的时候。但如此死磕五篇，当小有所成；死磕十篇，应上了台阶；死磕二十，必手到擒来。
    
    A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap， but， if properly handled， it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War， it had a market eight times larger than any competitor， giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world‘s best， its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
    
    It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably， the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries， such as consumer electronics， had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left， Zenith.（Now there is none： Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.） Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America‘s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors， which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age， was going to be the next casualty.
    
    All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing， and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
    
    How things have changed！ In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a dued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.“ American industry has changed its structure， has gone on a diet， has learnt to be more quick-witted，” according to Richard Cavanagh， executive dean of Harvard‘s Kennedy School of Government.“ It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity， says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute， a think-tank in Washington， DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as” a golden age of business management in the United States.“
    
    51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World WarⅡbecause_____.
    
    ［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
    
    ［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before
    
    ［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors
    
    ［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy
    
    52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
    
    ［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
    
    ［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
    
    ［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
    
    53.What can be inferred from the passage？
    
    ［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.
    
    ［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.
    
    ［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.
    
    ［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.
    
    54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____.
    
    ［A］turning of the business cycle
    
    ［B］restructuring of industry
    
    ［C］improved business management
    
    ［D］success in education
    
    解题第一步：读题干
    
    51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World WarⅡbecause_____.
    
    题型：问事情原因，细节题，需定位句子
    
    给定信息：美国achieved its predominance after World War II
    
    定位信息：World War II， because
    
    52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____.
    
    题型信息：问支撑观点的事实，例证题，当从观点后面找事实
    
    给定信息：1980s美国predominance的失去，表现于相关的事实
    
    定位信息：1980s
    
    53.What can be inferred from the passage？
    
    题型信息：题干无具体信息，直接就文章提问，为判断题，当先搁置，最后直接看选项来做。
    
    给定信息：无
    
    定位信息：无
    
    54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____.
    
    题型信息：问原因，细节题，需定位
    
    给定信息：1990s美国经济复苏，作者对其原因有自己的看法
    
    定位信息：1990s
    
    题干综合：两道细节问原因，一道例证问事实，一道判断，尽量先根据其它题的解题过程和结果来解以节省时间。
    
    由题干给定信息可知：文章讲到了二战后美国取得领先；1980s失去了这种地位；1990s经济又复苏了。
    
    解题第二步：读文章做选择
    
    51.根据定位信息找到首段二句，但本句中没有原因（看整个句式：当A时，有B.其中B肯定不是原因，而是结果。）。接着向下，直到最后一句，才由定语从句交代原因（定语从句可以而且常常交代原因）。